Classification and Principle of Electromagnetic Valves 2

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Electromagnetic valves at home and abroad can be classified into three major categories based on their principles (i.e. direct acting, step-by-step direct acting, and pilot operated), and can be further divided into six sub categories based on differences in valve disc structure, materials, and principles (direct acting diaphragm structure, step-by-step heavy plate structure, pilot diaphragm structure, direct acting piston structure, step-by-step direct acting piston structure, and pilot piston structure).

Direct acting solenoid valve:

Principle: When powered on, the electromagnetic coil generates electromagnetic force to lift the closing member from the valve seat, and the valve opens; When the power is cut off, the electromagnetic force disappears, and the spring presses the closing member against the valve seat, causing the valve to close.

Characteristics: It can work normally under vacuum, negative pressure, and zero pressure, but the diameter generally does not exceed 25mm.

Distributed direct acting solenoid valve:

Principle: It is a combination of direct action and pilot operated principle. When there is no pressure difference between the inlet and outlet, after being energized, the electromagnetic force directly lifts the pilot small valve and the main valve closing member upward in sequence, and the valve opens. When the inlet and outlet reach the starting pressure difference, after being energized, the electromagnetic force pilot small valve, the lower chamber pressure of the main valve rises, and the upper chamber pressure drops, thereby using the pressure difference to push the main valve upwards; When the power is cut off, the pilot valve uses spring force or medium pressure to push the closing member downwards, causing the valve to close.

Features: It can also operate under zero pressure difference, vacuum, and high pressure, but with high power, it must be installed horizontally.

Pilot operated solenoid valve:

Principle: When powered on, the electromagnetic force opens the pilot hole, causing the pressure in the upper chamber to rapidly decrease, creating a pressure difference of high and low around the closing element. The fluid pressure pushes the closing element to move upward, and the valve opens; When the power is cut off, the spring force closes the pilot hole, and the inlet pressure quickly forms a lower and higher pressure difference around the closing valve through the bypass hole. The fluid pressure pushes the closing valve to move downward and close the valve.

Features: The upper limit of the fluid pressure range is relatively high, and it can be installed freely (customized), but it must meet the conditions of fluid pressure difference

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